定语从句入门:让你的句子更有细节和逻辑

定语从句是英语中用于修饰名词的重要语法结构。本篇通过引导词分类、结构示例和高频句型拆解,带你系统理解定语从句的基本概念与表达形式,是进阶写作与口语必备技能。

掌握who、which、that等引导词用法,学会修饰名词的方法

📌 一、什么是定语从句?

定语从句(Relative Clause)是用来修饰名词(即先行词)的从句。它可以为句子提供更多信息,让表达更完整、更具体。

例句:The boy who sits next to me is my best friend.
解释:从句 “who sits next to me” 修饰 “the boy”。


📌 二、定语从句的结构组成

  • 先行词:被修饰的名词
  • 关系词:引导从句并在从句中担当一定成分
  • 定语从句本身

常见结构:

主句 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句


📌 三、常见引导词分类

引导词修饰对象在从句中作什么示例
who主语/宾语The girl who answered is Lily.
whom宾语The man whom I met was kind.
whose人或物定语The boy whose bike is red is Tom.
which主语/宾语The book which is on the table is mine.
that人或物主语/宾语I know the student that won the prize.

⚠️ 注意:在口语和非正式写作中,that 常代替 who / which

📌 四、限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句

  • 限制性定语从句:提供必要信息,不加逗号 The man who called you is my uncle.
  • 非限制性定语从句:提供附加信息,用逗号隔开 Mr. Smith, who is our teacher, is very kind.

📌 五、写作范文片段欣赏

Students who revise regularly tend to perform better.
The house that Jack built was destroyed by the storm.
She wore a dress which had golden buttons.

这些句子展现了定语从句在修饰主语、宾语等方面的自然融合方式,极大丰富了句式层次。


📌 六、易错点提醒

  • ❌ The man which helped me was kind.
    ✅ The man who helped me was kind.
    (人用 who,物用 which)
  • ❌ The book that I read it was boring.
    ✅ The book that I read was boring.
    (关系词在从句中已作宾语,不可重复用 it)

📌 七、练习建议

  • 写 5 个使用 who/which/that 的定语从句
  • 模仿一句新闻标题中的定语从句写一段描述
  • 尝试使用 whose/whom 丰富你的描述性写作句子

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