定语从句搞懂了,句子更优雅!

定语从句是英语复合句结构的重要一环,能够有效修饰名词并补充关键信息。本文系统解析关系代词和关系副词的选择与使用,帮助学生写出更有逻辑、更高阶的句子。

掌握关系代词与关系副词,让你的表达更高级

一、什么是定语从句?

定语从句(Relative Clause)是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,就像一个“句子版的形容词”。

它紧跟在被修饰的名词后面,告诉我们更多关于这个名词的信息。

✔ The book that you lent me is very interesting.
👉 定语从句 “that you lent me” 修饰 the book。


二、定语从句的引导词:关系词

关系词有两种:关系代词关系副词

1. 关系代词:

关系代词指代对象句中功能
who主语
whom宾语
whose人或物定语
which物或动物主语或宾语
that人或物主语或宾语

2. 关系副词:

关系副词表示示例
where地点The house where he lives is old.
when时间I remember the day when we met.
why原因I don’t know the reason why she left.

三、限定性 vs. 非限定性定语从句

✅ 限定性定语从句:

提供必要信息,没有它句子不完整,不加逗号。

✔ The man who helped me was very kind.

✅ 非限定性定语从句:

提供附加说明,句子主干已完整,用逗号隔开。

✔ My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is a teacher.

📌 非限定性从句不能用 “that”。


突破自己

四、省略结构:何时可以省略关系词?

当关系词作宾语时可省略:

✔ The book (that) I bought yesterday is great. ✅
✔ The girl (whom) we met is my cousin. ✅

但当作主语时不可省略:

✔ The man who called you is my uncle. ❌不能省略。


五、经典例句拆解

  1. The student who studies hard will succeed.
    👉 修饰 student,who 为主语。
  2. The company that she works for is famous.
    👉 修饰 company,that 为宾语,for 是介词。
  3. He gave me a reason that I couldn’t accept.
    👉 修饰 reason,that 作宾语。
  4. We visited the town where he was born.
    👉 修饰 town,where 为地点副词。

六、提升写作的表达范式

基础句:
✔ I met a teacher. She inspired me.

➡️ 高级表达:
✔ I met a teacher who inspired me.

基础句:
✔ This is the hotel. We stayed here last year.

➡️ 高级表达:
✔ This is the hotel where we stayed last year.

✅ 用定语从句合并句子可以减少重复,让句子更紧凑自然。


七、范文片段展示

The woman who spoke at the conference is a well-known author.
He couldn’t explain the reason why he had missed the deadline.
The city where the event took place was filled with tourists.

这些句式出现在写作任务中的背景交代、人物描述与细节补充中,非常实用。


八、小结

  • 定语从句通过关系词连接主句与从句,帮助描述更具体;
  • 了解限定性与非限定性的区别是写作准确性的关键;
  • 在写作中熟练使用可显著提升表达质量与句式层次。

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