掌握非谓语结构在不同句型中的核心作用
🌟 一、非谓语作表语的本质
非谓语动词作表语时,用来说明主语的状态或特征。
最常见的是 动名词(doing) 与 不定式(to do)。
📘 例句比较:
- Her job is teaching English.(说明主语身份或内容)
- My dream is to travel around the world.(强调目标或计划)
💡 小技巧:
- “be + 动名词” → 描述事实或职业。
- “be + 不定式” → 表示计划、意图或安排。
⚙️ 二、非谓语作宾语补足语(object complement)
宾语补足语用来说明宾语的状态、结果或动作,常见形式有:
① 不定式作宾补
- I told him to be quiet.(说明“他”应该怎样)
- She asked me to help her.
👉 规律:在“劝告、要求、命令”类动词后常用 to do。
② 原形动词作宾补(使役与感官动词)
- She made me cry.
- I saw him run out of the classroom.
⚠️ 注意:
- 感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice/feel)+ 宾语 + 动词原形
- 使役动词(make/let/have)+ 宾语 + 动词原形
③ 现在分词/过去分词作宾补
- We found him sleeping on the bench.(正在进行)
- I saw the window broken.(状态或结果)
🪄 用法小结:
| 表动作进行 | 表被动或结果 |
|---|---|
| doing | done |

🧩 三、写作中的灵活转化
写作中常可通过非谓语结构压缩从句,让句式更精炼:
- 原句:When I saw him, he was running.
- 改写:I saw him running.
- 原句:He said that I should go home early.
- 改写:He told me to go home early.
💬 对比发现:非谓语结构不仅缩短句子,更让逻辑更紧凑自然。
📝 四、课堂练习
用非谓语动词改写句子:
1️⃣ I think he should stay here.
👉 I think him to stay here. ❌(错误)
✅ I want him to stay here.(正确用法)
2️⃣ We heard that she sang beautifully.
👉 We heard her sing beautifully.
3️⃣ The news was that he became famous.
👉 The news was his becoming famous.
🚨 五、易错提醒
- 动名词与不定式都能作表语,但语义不同:
- My hobby is reading.(已成事实)
- My plan is to read more books.(未发生)
- 宾补结构中,主句动词决定形式:
- want + to do; see/make + 动词原形; find + doing/done。
学会用非谓语动词作表语与宾补,是迈向高阶写作句式的关键。
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