Problem & Solution 类作文审题方法与高分范文示范
① 英文写作原题（Original Question）
In many cities, traffic congestion has become a serious problem.
What are the main causes of this issue, and what solutions can be implemented to address it?
② 思路解析（教学型拆解）
这是一道典型的 Problem & Solution 类雅思写作题，要求考生完成两个明确任务：
- 分析问题产生的原因（causes）
- 提出可行的解决方案（solutions）
一、审题关键点
- traffic congestion：不是单纯“交通问题”，而是“交通拥堵”
- has become a serious problem：强调严重性
- what are the main causes / what solutions：两问都必须回答
⚠️ 如果只写原因或只写解决办法，Task Response 会被扣分。
二、常见原因梳理（可教学）
在雅思写作中，交通拥堵的原因通常包括：
- 私家车数量快速增加
- 公共交通系统不完善
- 城市规划不合理（人口过度集中）
本篇范文选择其中最常见、最好展开的两个原因，避免内容分散。
三、解决方案设计思路
解决方案应注意两点：
- 具体可执行（而非空泛口号）
- 与原因一一对应
例如：
- 针对私家车过多 → 提升公共交通、限制用车
- 针对城市集中 → 优化城市规划、鼓励分流
四、推荐写作结构（稳分模板）
- 引言段：引出交通拥堵问题
- 主体段一：分析主要原因
- 主体段二：提出对应解决方案
- 结论段：总结问题与对策
③ 英文高分范文（Band 7+ 示范）
Traffic congestion has become an increasingly serious issue in many urban areas around the world. This problem not only wastes time but also affects the quality of life. There are several key causes of traffic congestion, and effective solutions are needed to address them.
One major cause of traffic congestion is the rapid growth in the number of private vehicles. As incomes rise, more people choose to own cars for convenience, which places enormous pressure on existing road systems. In addition, in many cities, public transportation networks are either underdeveloped or unreliable, forcing commuters to rely heavily on private cars. Poor urban planning, such as concentrating workplaces and residential areas in city centres, further worsens the situation.
To tackle this problem, governments should take a range of practical measures. Firstly, improving public transportation systems is essential. Expanding subway lines, increasing the frequency of buses and ensuring affordable fares can encourage people to switch from private cars to public transport. Secondly, authorities can introduce policies to limit car usage, such as congestion charges, higher parking fees or restrictions on car ownership. Finally, better urban planning, including the development of satellite cities and remote working options, can help reduce traffic pressure in central areas.
In conclusion, traffic congestion is mainly caused by the excessive use of private vehicles and inadequate urban planning. By investing in public transportation and implementing effective traffic management policies, cities can significantly reduce congestion and improve overall living conditions.
