定语从句的省略与简化技巧

很多学习者会写定语从句,但句子冗长、生硬。本文聚焦定语从句中的省略与简化规则,通过结构对比和写作示例,帮助你学会在不影响理解的前提下压缩句子,让英语表达更自然、更高级。

把“长句子”写得更紧凑、更像母语表达

✂️ 一、为什么要学“省略型”定语从句?

在考试和写作中,你可能经常写出这样的句子:

The book that I bought yesterday is very useful.

这句话语法正确,但在真实写作中,并不是所有成分都必须完整保留。

📌 语言的高级感,往往来自“恰当的省略”。


🧩 二、最常见的一种省略:省略关系代词

✅ 适用条件(必须同时满足)

👉 关系代词在从句中 作宾语
👉 不是作主语

📘 对比示例:

  • 完整:The movie that we watched last night was exciting.
  • 省略:The movie we watched last night was exciting.

✔️ 含义不变
✔️ 句子更紧凑

📌 写作提示(A网站重点):
能省的不是“that”,而是无信息价值的结构位


🚫 三、什么时候“绝对不能省”?

❌ 当关系代词作 主语 时,不能省略。

📗 示例:

  • The man who lives next door is a teacher.(❌ 不能省)
  • The company that produces this phone is famous.(❌ 不能省)

🧠 快速判断法:
👉 去掉关系代词后,从句是否“缺主语”
✔️ 缺 → 不能省
✔️ 不缺 → 可以考虑省


🔄 四、从“从句”到“非谓语”:进阶简化思路

在写作中,定语从句还可以进一步压缩为 分词结构

📘 示例对比:

  • 原句:Students who study abroad often gain new perspectives.
  • 简化:Students studying abroad often gain new perspectives.

📌 核心前提:
👉 从句主语 = 主句修饰对象
👉 动作是“主动、进行中”


⚠️ 五、省略 ≠ 随便删:3 个常见错误

The girl is sitting there is my sister.
✔️ The girl who is sitting there is my sister.

The book I read it yesterday was interesting.
✔️ The book I read yesterday was interesting.

People working hard they succeed.
✔️ People working hard succeed.

📌 本质问题:
👉 省略后,句子结构没有重新校对。


✍️ 六、写作实战:让段落“瘦身”

🔹 原句(冗长)

The plan that was proposed by the manager was accepted.

🔹 简化后

The plan proposed by the manager was accepted.

🔹 写作升级

The plan proposed by the manager was accepted without objection.

📍 A网站写作建议:
在说明性段落中,优先使用“简化型定语结构”,提升信息密度。


📝 七、练习任务(判断能否省略)

请判断下列句子中的关系代词是否可以省略:

  1. The email that I sent yesterday has not been answered.
  2. The teacher who explains the rule is very patient.
  3. The photo which we found online looks familiar.

👉 参考答案:

  1. 可以省略
  2. 不可以省略
  3. 可以省略

教育从选择开始 成功从联系开始