掌握who、which、that等引导词用法,学会修饰名词的方法
📌 一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句(Relative Clause)是用来修饰名词(即先行词)的从句。它可以为句子提供更多信息,让表达更完整、更具体。
例句:The boy who sits next to me is my best friend.
解释:从句 “who sits next to me” 修饰 “the boy”。
📌 二、定语从句的结构组成
- 先行词:被修饰的名词
- 关系词:引导从句并在从句中担当一定成分
- 定语从句本身
常见结构:
主句 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句

📌 三、常见引导词分类
引导词 | 修饰对象 | 在从句中作什么 | 示例 |
---|---|---|---|
who | 人 | 主语/宾语 | The girl who answered is Lily. |
whom | 人 | 宾语 | The man whom I met was kind. |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 | The boy whose bike is red is Tom. |
which | 物 | 主语/宾语 | The book which is on the table is mine. |
that | 人或物 | 主语/宾语 | I know the student that won the prize. |
⚠️ 注意:在口语和非正式写作中,that 常代替 who / which。
📌 四、限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句
- 限制性定语从句:提供必要信息,不加逗号 The man who called you is my uncle.
- 非限制性定语从句:提供附加信息,用逗号隔开 Mr. Smith, who is our teacher, is very kind.
📌 五、写作范文片段欣赏
Students who revise regularly tend to perform better.
The house that Jack built was destroyed by the storm.
She wore a dress which had golden buttons.
这些句子展现了定语从句在修饰主语、宾语等方面的自然融合方式,极大丰富了句式层次。

📌 六、易错点提醒
- ❌ The man which helped me was kind.
✅ The man who helped me was kind.
(人用 who,物用 which) - ❌ The book that I read it was boring.
✅ The book that I read was boring.
(关系词在从句中已作宾语,不可重复用 it)
📌 七、练习建议
- 写 5 个使用 who/which/that 的定语从句
- 模仿一句新闻标题中的定语从句写一段描述
- 尝试使用 whose/whom 丰富你的描述性写作句子
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