一次理解 be + done 的核心逻辑，让被动句自然流畅起来
在所有被动语态中，“一般时态的被动结构”是最常见也最实用的部分。无论是阅读文章、新闻报道还是考试作文，be + 过去分词 的句型几乎随处可见。掌握这一层，后续的完成时态或进行时态的被动就容易得多。
🧩 一、为什么需要被动语态？
主动语态强调 动作执行者；
被动语态强调 动作承受者。
被动语态通常用于以下情况：
- 执行者不重要：The rule is widely accepted.
- 执行者未知：My wallet was stolen.
- 需要突出结果：The product is made in Korea.
- 书面表达更客观：The data was collected in 2024.
理解这点，你就知道为什么“英语写作中被动句频率高”的根本原因。
🧱 二、一般时态被动语态的核心结构
1）一般现在时被动：am/is/are + done
- The windows are cleaned every week.
- English is used in many countries.
一般现在时被动，多用于描述习惯性动作或客观事实。
2）一般过去时被动：was/were + done
- The concert was held last Friday.
- His phone was found near the station.
用于描述已经完成的行为，执行者可省略。
单词差
阅读完形
语法
听力
口语写作
单词好
阅读完形
语法
听力
口语写作
🔍 三、主动句 → 被动句的三个步骤
以主动句 The committee approved the plan. 为例：
① 交换主语与宾语位置
the plan（原宾语）成为句子主语
② 选择正确时态的 be 动词
approved 是过去时 → 用 was
③ 加上过去分词
be + approved
最终：
👉 The plan was approved (by the committee).
“by + 执行者”可省略，除非信息很重要。
📌 四、四组非常实用的对比例句
A. 事实类表达
- Active: People speak Spanish here.
- Passive: Spanish is spoken here.
B. 新闻报道风格
- Active: They built the bridge in 2010.
- Passive: The bridge was built in 2010.
C. 书面学术表达
- Active: Researchers observed the change.
- Passive: The change was observed by researchers.
D. 日常生活情境
- Active: Someone cleaned the kitchen.
- Passive: The kitchen was cleaned.
你会发现，被动句更强调“结果”和“对象”。
⚠️ 五、最常见的三类错误（必须避免）
1）把 done 写成 did
❌ The report was finished → ✔ 正确
❌ The report was finish → 错误
❌ The report was did → 错误
2）忘记 be 动词
❌ The door locked yesterday.
✔ The door was locked yesterday.
3）不分 am/is/are + was/were
❌ The books is sold in the shop.
✔ The books are sold in the shop.
动词原形变过去分词是核心点之一，不可混淆。
📝 六、练习巩固：主动改被动
- The company produces these devices.
- Someone broke the window last night.
- They publish the report every quarter.
参考答案：
- These devices are produced by the company.
- The window was broken last night.
- The report is published every quarter.
🌟 七、抓住“动作承受者”这一核心
判断是否需要被动语态，只问一句：
👉 “句子想强调谁？”
如果强调结果、对象或影响，被动往往就是更自然的表达方式。
如果你想进一步系统掌握被动语态的更多时态变化、真实语境训练与作文写作用法，李校来了智能英语语法精练模块。系统自动识别你的弱项，生成个性化句型训练与纠错反馈，让语法学习从“概念”真正走向“可用”。
