掌握关系代词与关系副词,让你的表达更高级
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句(Relative Clause)是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,就像一个“句子版的形容词”。
它紧跟在被修饰的名词后面,告诉我们更多关于这个名词的信息。
✔ The book that you lent me is very interesting.
👉 定语从句 “that you lent me” 修饰 the book。
二、定语从句的引导词:关系词
关系词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词:
关系代词 | 指代对象 | 句中功能 |
---|---|---|
who | 人 | 主语 |
whom | 人 | 宾语 |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 |
which | 物或动物 | 主语或宾语 |
that | 人或物 | 主语或宾语 |

2. 关系副词:
关系副词 | 表示 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
where | 地点 | The house where he lives is old. |
when | 时间 | I remember the day when we met. |
why | 原因 | I don’t know the reason why she left. |
三、限定性 vs. 非限定性定语从句
✅ 限定性定语从句:
提供必要信息,没有它句子不完整,不加逗号。
✔ The man who helped me was very kind.
✅ 非限定性定语从句:
提供附加说明,句子主干已完整,用逗号隔开。
✔ My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is a teacher.
📌 非限定性从句不能用 “that”。

四、省略结构:何时可以省略关系词?
当关系词作宾语时可省略:
✔ The book (that) I bought yesterday is great. ✅
✔ The girl (whom) we met is my cousin. ✅
但当作主语时不可省略:
✔ The man who called you is my uncle. ❌不能省略。
五、经典例句拆解
- The student who studies hard will succeed.
👉 修饰 student,who 为主语。 - The company that she works for is famous.
👉 修饰 company,that 为宾语,for 是介词。 - He gave me a reason that I couldn’t accept.
👉 修饰 reason,that 作宾语。 - We visited the town where he was born.
👉 修饰 town,where 为地点副词。
六、提升写作的表达范式
基础句:
✔ I met a teacher. She inspired me.
➡️ 高级表达:
✔ I met a teacher who inspired me.
基础句:
✔ This is the hotel. We stayed here last year.
➡️ 高级表达:
✔ This is the hotel where we stayed last year.
✅ 用定语从句合并句子可以减少重复,让句子更紧凑自然。

七、范文片段展示
The woman who spoke at the conference is a well-known author.
He couldn’t explain the reason why he had missed the deadline.
The city where the event took place was filled with tourists.
这些句式出现在写作任务中的背景交代、人物描述与细节补充中,非常实用。
八、小结
- 定语从句通过关系词连接主句与从句,帮助描述更具体;
- 了解限定性与非限定性的区别是写作准确性的关键;
- 在写作中熟练使用可显著提升表达质量与句式层次。
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