被忽视的高频扣分点——指代不清
在写作反馈中,经常会出现这样的评价:
“I’m not sure what this refers to.”
这并不等于句子错误,
而是一个更隐蔽、却更致命的问题——
指代不清。
🔎 一、什么是“指代清晰度”?
指代清晰度,指的是:
句中代词或指示词,是否能被读者迅速、准确地对应到具体对象。
一旦读者需要停下来猜:
- it 指什么?
- this 是哪件事?
表达的专业度就会立刻下降。
🔎 二、最常见的三类指代问题
1️⃣ it 有多个可能对象
❌
Education affects society and culture. It is important.
✔
Education affects society and culture, and education is important.
必要时,重复名词胜过代词。
2️⃣ this / that 指代整句
❌
People face pressure from work and family. This is serious.
✔
People face pressure from work and family. This pressure is serious.
给 this 一个“名词落点”。
3️⃣ they 指向不明
❌
Students discussed teachers with parents, and they were concerned.
✔
Students discussed teachers with parents, and the parents were concerned.
避免让读者“选答案”。
🔎 三、为什么英语更怕指代模糊?
因为英语:
- 依赖线性阅读
- 不擅长“回溯猜测”
- 读者预期高明确度
一旦指代模糊,
读者的理解链条就被打断。
🔎 四、一个实用的“指代自检法”
写完一句话,快速检查:
1️⃣ 每个代词是否只有一个可能指向?
2️⃣ 如果删掉前一句,代词还能理解吗?
3️⃣ 读者是否需要回看才能确认?
若是,说明需要修正。
🔎 五、三种最稳妥的修正策略
策略一:代词后补名词
❌
This causes problems.
✔
This situation causes problems.
策略二:必要时直接重复
❌
The policy was introduced last year. It changed society.
✔
The policy was introduced last year and changed society.
策略三:拆句降低歧义
❌
The company contacted the client after they complained.
✔
The client complained, and the company contacted them.
🔎 六、清晰比“变化”更重要
很多学习者害怕重复,
却忽略了一个事实:
清晰永远优先于多样。
在正式写作中,
重复名词是专业,
模糊指代才是扣分点。
在 李校来了英语 的进阶写作训练中,我们会逐句检查“指代是否清晰”,帮助你把正确但模糊的句子,升级为精准、稳定、可高分的表达。




